Sorry to hear about your predicament.
As you are someone who has acquired the right of Permanent Residence, I believe you will not need your wife or ex any longer. Hopefully the HO will not exploit the situation. The law will be on your side in any case, just that the time that could be wasted, might be costly.
Firstly, you will not be able to
apply for PR from the country in which you are stranded. I believe you will need to apply for an EEA family permit, in your new passport. This will allow you to enter the UK. Once you are in the UK, apply for confirmation of your right of permanent Residence. I am really unsure, which authority gives the UK power to say that people who get a new passport should reapply again, with all the necessary documents. They were silent, incidentally on people who lost their passport, or had it stolen, but i believe the same rule applies. Needless to say, i don't think this restrictive measure, which does not apply to people who wants ILR transfered to a new passport, will not hold up to Judicial Scrutiny.
Write a cover letter with the
EEA family permit, stating that you are someone who has acquired a right of PR, which does not become invalid unless you stay beyond 2 years out of the UK.
If you can find the copy of the Letter notifying you of your PR, and a copy of your old passport, that will help hugely.
I wish you the best and hope your matter get resolved soon.
If they start getting difficult, which i hope will not be the case, get your
MP involved, and complain to the
EU commission.